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http://www.hydrogencomponents.com/hydride.html
A small amount of hydrogen in natural gas (Hythane®) goes a long way toward the ultimate goal of zero emission hydrogen vehicles. The clean burning properties of natural gas are amplified by hydrogen.
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The strategy of introducing hydrogen via Hythane is clarified by a benefit/cost ratio called the "leverage factor". Suppose we get rid of 100% of an engine's exhaust pollutants by burning 100% hydrogen in it. The leverage factor for this is;
100% emissions reduction ÷ 100% hydrogen energy = 1
The ultimate goals of a renewable hydrogen energy system are to do just that. But in the beginning, hydrogen will be an expensive minority fuel in vehicle fleets powered mostly by fossil fuels. The special properties of hydrogen as a combustion stimulant can produce leverage factors much greater than 1 by improving fossil fuels--not just displacing them.
Hythane Buses
The first transit agency to say "yes" to Hythane was Montréal's STCUM. Two Hythane buses were operated in public transit service in a 1995-96 Montréal pilot project. These two buses are now in service at SunLine Transit in Coachella Valley, California. These buses emit 43% less NOx than identical buses that burn natural gas. Only 7% of the fuel by energy content is hydrogen. The leverage factor is:
43% NOx reduction ÷ 7% hydrogen energy > 6
An ongoing Hythane project at SunLine Transit Agency, Coachella Valley, California, has demonstrated even stronger leverage. With 7% hydrogen by fuel energy content, NOx emissions were reduced by half:
50% NOx reduction ÷ 7% hydrogen energy >7
Please call, write or email HCI if you want Hythane buses in your urban transit fleet. It takes teamwork to make this happen. We need progressive transit agencies, gas and electric utilities, federal, state and local governments, pollution control districts and public support to go forward with Hythane bus fleets.
Hythane Light-Duty Vehicles
Gasoline engines can be converted to burn Hythane, natural gas or all three fuels. HCI converted a pickup truck with tri-fuel capability in 1990. This internally funded project was supported with tests by the Colorado Department of Health, Colorado State University, California Air Resources Board (CARB) and Impco. The Hythane prototype was among the first Ultra Low Emission Vehicles tested by CARB.
Pilot projects in Denver, CO, Erie, PA, and Phoenix, AZ plus a USDOE/NREL-supported laboratory study increased HCI's understanding of how to get the most benefit from a small amount of hydrogen in natural gas. We know how to get a 50% reduction in NOx and CO emissions with 5% hydrogen in natural gas. The leverage factor is;
50% emissions reduction ÷ 5% hydrogen energy = 10
We are now ready to move on to fleet conversions. A minimum of 20 identical vehicles is needed to make the conversion labor, fuel blending, compression and storage equipment economical.
Ergenics
Solid State Hydrogen Energy Solutions
http://www.ergenics.com/page11.htm
Hydrogen (H2) is the most plentiful element in the universe. It has the highest energy per unit of weight of any chemical fuel and is non-polluting. As a compressed gas or cryogenic liquid, it is quite volatile and requires special handling.
How metals store hydrogen
Ergenics has developed special patented metal alloys that have the remarkable ability to absorb and store large quantities of hydrogen. The hydrogen can be released (desorbed) as a gas and the alloy is returned to its original state. These "metal hydrides" provide a safe and efficient "solid state" approach to hydrogen energy storage. In addition, the energy implications of this continuously repeatable phenomenon are the basis for a wide range of commercial products.
Ergenics' hydride devices employ a variety of metal hydride alloys. These alloys are tailored to an application's specific needs for pressure, temperature, hydrogen storage capacity, tolerance to impurities, etc.
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